> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://lead-ncl.gitbook.io/language-and-linguistics-style-guide/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://lead-ncl.gitbook.io/language-and-linguistics-style-guide/lists-of-references/scholarly-journal-articles.md).

# Scholarly journal articles

The information required for journal articles includes the following (in this **precise** order): 

1. author’s last name(s) + COMMA + SPACE 
2. capital initial of author’s first name + FULL STOP + SPACE 
3. year of publication + FULL STOP + SPACE 
4. OPENING SINGLE QUOTATION MARK + title of article (lower case except for first word)
5. CLOSING SINGLE QUOTATION MARK + FULL STOP 
6. *Title of Journal* (in italics, with capitals initials for content words) 
7. volume number of journal + COLON + SPACE 
8. start page + HYPHEN + end page + FULL STOP

![](https://3828775805-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FPJlQKnTupNVyh6l4t84G%2Fuploads%2Fls78rm9tK3wtZJRS1ulu%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=f16c6a93-2fdb-43ff-b6ce-548623a30198)

The same rules for **multiple authorship** apply as for monographs.

![](https://3828775805-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2FPJlQKnTupNVyh6l4t84G%2Fuploads%2FIEiRwpnCY1XR3Zvt5QpN%2Fimage.png?alt=media\&token=f7609c4a-1958-46e1-ad88-7813382b22bd)

You should use this format for articles from journals that you access as a hard-copy as well as those that you access through [JSTOR ](https://www.jstor.org/)or similar electronic archives. This is because the latter are not web materials as such, but simply scanned electronic copies from printed volumes. Therefore, you don't need to give the URL and access date for journal articles.